Lawns and turfs are not built once and for all. Like children, they always need your careful care everywhere to grow healthily. Many lawn builders ignore this point and fail to achieve the expected results. The following are several basic measures for managing lawns. If you master them, I believe your lawn will maintain a beautiful appearance and extend its validity period.
一. Pruning and pruning
Pruning is one of the most important management measures. In principle, the amount of pruning each time should not exceed 1/3 of the grass length. The following table is our recommended stubble height. Of course, due to different lawn uses or limited manpower and material resources, the following standards do not need to be strictly followed: Variety unit: cm Bluegrass 3.8-6.4 Tall fescue 3.8-7.6 Ryegrass 3.8-7.6 Bentgrass 0.5-2.5 Bermuda grass 0.6-3.8 Zoysia 1.3-5 The purpose of pruning is not only for beauty, but more importantly, pruning can promote grass tillering, increase the density, flatness and elasticity of the lawn, enhance the wear resistance of the lawn, and extend the service life of the lawn. Timely pruning can also inhibit the flowering and seeding of lawn weeds, so that weeds lose the opportunity to reproduce and gradually eliminate them.
二. Topdressing
For lawn topdressing, chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers can be used. The following points should be noted when applying chemical fertilizers:
1. The ratio of N:P:K should be controlled at 5:4:3;
2. The general soil application amount is 20 kg/mu;
3. Under normal circumstances, fertilizers are applied in autumn in the south and in spring in the north;
4. Fertilization and watering should be closely coordinated to prevent improper use from damaging the lawn. If conditions permit, it is best to use liquid fertilizers with a good ratio. Organic fertilizers are mostly applied during the dormant period of the lawn, and the amount is generally 1000~1500 kg/mu, applied every 2-3 years. The application of organic fertilizers can not only improve the looseness and permeability of the soil, but also help the lawn to safely overwinter.
三. Watering
Watering can not only maintain the normal growth of lawn grass, but also improve the toughness of stems and leaves and enhance the trampling resistance of the lawn.
1. Season: Watering the lawn should be done in the dry season when evaporation is greater than precipitation. In winter, after the lawn soil freezes, there is no need to water it.
2. Time: In terms of weather conditions, the best time to water is when there is a breeze, which can effectively reduce evaporation losses and facilitate the drying of leaves. In a day, in order to improve the utilization rate of water, morning and evening are the best times to water. However, watering at night is not conducive to the drying of lawn grass and is prone to cause diseases.
3. Water volume: Usually, in the dry period of the lawn grass growing season, in order to keep the lawn grass fresh green, about 3 to 4 cm of water is required per week. Under hot and dry conditions, a vigorously growing lawn needs to add 6 cm or more of water per week. The amount of water required is largely determined by the texture of the lawn bed soil.
4. Methods: Watering can be done by spray irrigation, drip irrigation, flood irrigation and other methods. Different methods can be used according to different levels of maintenance and management and equipment conditions. In order to keep the lawn grass from growing in autumn and turning green in spring, water it once each time. Water it thoroughly and thoroughly, which is very beneficial for the lawn grass to survive the winter and turn green.
四. Disease prevention and control
1. Classification of lawn grass diseases
Diseases can be divided into two categories according to different pathogens: non-infectious diseases and infectious diseases. Non-infectious diseases occur due to factors on both the lawn and the environment. Such as improper grass seed selection, lack of nutrients necessary for lawn grass growth in the soil, imbalance of nutrient elements, too dry or too wet soil, environmental pollution, etc. This type of disease is not contagious. Infectious diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, etc. This type of disease is highly contagious, and the three necessary conditions for its occurrence are: susceptible plants, pathogens with strong pathogenicity, and suitable environmental conditions.
2. Prevention and control methods are as follows:
(1) Eliminate the primary infection sources of pathogens. Soil, seeds, seedlings, diseased plants in the field, diseased plant residues and uncomposted fertilizers are the main places where most pathogens overwinter and oversummer. Therefore, soil disinfection (formalin disinfection is commonly used, that is, formalin: water = 1:40, the amount of soil surface is 10-15 liters/square meter or formalin: water = 1:50, the amount of soil surface is 20-25 liters/square meter), seedling treatment (including seed and seedling quarantine and disinfection; the commonly used disinfection method on the lawn is: soak the seeds in 1%-2% formalin diluted solution for 20-60 minutes, take out after soaking, wash, dry and sow.) and timely eliminate the remains of diseased plants and other measures to control.
(2) Agricultural prevention and control: suitable land and grass, especially to choose disease-resistant varieties, timely remove weeds, timely deep ploughing and fine fertilizer, timely treatment of diseased plants and disease sites, and strengthen water and fertilizer management. (3) Chemical control: spraying pesticides for control. In general areas, spray an appropriate amount of Bordeaux mixture once in early spring before various lawns enter the vigorous growth period, that is, before the lawn grass becomes ill, and then spray once every 2 weeks, and spray 3-4 times in succession. This can prevent the occurrence of various fungal or bacterial diseases. Different types of diseases require different pesticides. However, attention should be paid to the concentration of the pesticide, the time and number of spraying, and the amount of spraying. Generally, the spraying effect is best when the lawn grass leaves are kept dry. The number of spraying is mainly determined by the length of the residual effect of the pesticide, generally once every 7-10 days, and a total of 2-5 sprays are sufficient. Re-spraying should be done after rain. In addition, various pesticides should be mixed or used alternately as much as possible to avoid drug resistance.
五. Pest control
1. The main causes of lawn grass pest damage: the soil was not treated for insecticide before lawn construction (deep plowing and drying the soil, digging the soil to pick up insects, soil disinfection, etc.); the applied organic fertilizer was not decomposed; early prevention and control was not timely or the pesticide was improperly used or ineffective, etc.
2. Integrated control of lawn grass pests
(1) Agricultural control: suitable land and suitable grass, deep plowing and drying before sowing, picking up insects and eliminating insects as they are dug, applying fully decomposed organic fertilizers, timely watering and management, etc.
(2) Physical and manual control: light trapping, contact killing with pesticides and poisoned soil, manual capture, etc.
(3) Biological control: that is, using natural enemies or pathogenic microorganisms for control. For example, the effective pathogenic microorganisms for the control of grubs are mainly green muscardine, and the control effect is 90%.
(4) Chemical control: Insecticides are mainly organic phosphorus compounds. Generally, irrigation should be carried out as soon as possible after application to promote the dispersion of the drug and avoid loss due to photodecomposition and volatilization; spraying is often used for surface pests. However, for some pests, such as lawn moths, irrigation after application should be carried out at least 24-72 hours after application. Common methods are seed mixing with pesticides, poison bait trapping or spraying.
The above measures may be sufficient for an ordinary lawn builder. If the lawn is properly managed, its resistance will be greatly enhanced.
Post time: Dec-02-2024