The principles of grassland maintenance are: uniform, pure and free of impurities, and evergreen all year round. According to information, under general management conditions, green grassland can be divided into four stages according to the length of planting time. The first is the planting to full stage, which refers to the initial planting of grassland and the stage of planting to one year or full coverage (100% full without open space), which is also called the full stage. The second is the prosperous growth stage, which refers to 2-5 years after transplantation, also called the prosperous period. The third is the slow growth stage, which refers to 6-10 years after transplantation, also called the slow growth stage. The fourth is the degeneration stage, which refers to 10-15 years after transplantation, also called the degeneration period. With a higher level of maintenance and management, the degradation period of Taiwan’s grasslands can be delayed by 5-8 years. The degradation period of continuous coniferous grass is 3-5 years later than Taiwan grass, while the degradation period of large-leaf grass is 3-5 years earlier.
1. Management of recovery stage
According to the design and process requirements, the bed of newly planted grass must be strictly cleared of weed seeds and grass roots, filled with pure soil, scraped flat and compacted to more than 10 cm before turf can be applied. There are two types of turfing: full turfing and thin turfing. Generally, a square of turf of 20 × 20 cm is used for sparse patches. A full patch has no expiration period and only has a recovery period of 7-10 days. It takes a certain amount of time for 50% of the open space of sparse patches to fill up. Spring patching and The turf applied in summer takes only 1-2 months to mature, while the turf applied in autumn and winter takes 2-3 months to fully mature. In terms of maintenance and management, the emphasis is on water and fertilizer management. In spring, it is stain-proof, in summer it is sun-proof, and in autumn and winter, grass is used to prevent wind and moisturize. Generally, spray water once in the morning and evening within a week after applying the grass, and check whether the turf is compacted. The grass roots are required to be close to the soil. Spray water once every evening for two or two weeks after applying. After two weeks, spray water once every two days depending on the season and weather conditions, mainly for moisturizing. Fertilize every one week to three months after planting. Use 1-3% urea solution combined with watering and spraying. Dilute first and then thicken. From now on, use 4-6 pounds of urea per acre once a month. Dry application on rainy days. , apply liquid on a sunny day, and everything will be full.When the grass is 8-10 cm high, cut it with a lawnmower. Weeding should be done as early as half a month after planting, or as late as January. When weeds begin to grow, dig and root out the grass in time, and compact it after digging to avoid affecting the growth of the main grass. Newly planted grassland is generally free of diseases and insect pests and does not require spraying. In order to accelerate growth, 0.1-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be watered and sprayed in the later stage.
2. Management in the prosperous and long-term stages
The second to fifth years after grassland planting is the period of vigorous growth. Ornamental grassland is mainly green, so the emphasis is on keeping it green. For water management, open the grass stems and make sure the soil is dry but not white and wet but not stained. The principle is to make it dry in spring and summer and wet in autumn and winter. Fertilizer should be applied lightly and thinly, less from April to September of the year and more at both ends. Use 2-4 pounds of urea per mu after each lawn mowing. In the peak growing season, control fertilizer and water to control the growth rate, otherwise the number of mowing times will increase and the maintenance cost will increase. Mowing is the focus of this stage. The frequency of mowing and the quality of mowing are related to grassland degradation and maintenance costs. It is advisable to control the number of grass cuttings to 8-10 times a year, with an average of once a month from February to September and once every two months from October to January of the next year. Grass cutting technical requirements: First, the best grass height is 6-10 cm. If it exceeds 10 cm, it can be cut. When it is greater than 15 cm, “grass mounds” will appear and some parts will be like hooks. At this time, it must be cut. The second is to prepare before cutting. Check that the power of the lawnmower is normal, that the grass blade is sharp and without defects, and that the grass is clean of fine stones and debris. The third is to operate the lawn mower. Adjust the blade distance to 2-4 cm from the ground (low mowing in the long season, high mowing in autumn and winter), advance at a constant speed, and the cutting width intersects 3-5 cm each time without missing a cut. Fourth, clean the grass leaves promptly after cutting, and moisturize and fertilize.
3. Management of slow and long-term stages
The growth rate of grassland 6-10 years after planting has declined, and dead leaves and stems are increasing year by year. Root rot is prone to occur in hot and humid seasons, and it is susceptible to damage by Digitonus (shaving bug) in autumn and winter. The focus of work is to pay attention to Prevent and control pests and diseases. It has been observed that Taiwanese grass has been soaked in water for three days and started to have root rot. After draining the water, it is still alive. After being soaked in water for seven days, more than 90% of the roots are rotten and almost lifeless, so it needs to be re-turfed. Although there will be less root rot within 1-2 days of waterlogging, the high temperature and humidity after drainage will facilitate the reproduction of pathogens and lead to the occurrence of root rot. After three days, remove the harmful dead grass and re-apply urea solution. Growth will resume after a week. Fertilizer and water management in the slow period should be strengthened than in the prosperous period, and extra-root fertilization can be increased. The number of lawn mowing should be controlled to 7-8 times per year.
4. Management of grassland degradation stage
The grassland began to degrade year by year 10 years after planting, and was seriously degraded 15 years after planting. Water management, alternating dry and wet periods, strictly prohibit waterlogging, otherwise it will aggravate root rot and die. Strengthen inspection and prevention of pests and diseases. In addition to normal fertilization, use 1% urea and dipotassium phosphorus mixture for external fertilization every 10-15 days, or use Commercial foliar fertilizers such as Toyota and other foliar fertilizers are sprayed outside the roots, and the effect is very good. Partially dead areas can be fully replanted. Degraded grassland regenerates slowly after being cut, and the number of times the grass is cut should not exceed 6 times throughout the year. In addition, because the main grass is thin, weeds are easy to grow and need to be dug out in time. Management needs to be comprehensively strengthened during this period to effectively delay the degradation of grassland.
Post time: Sep-02-2024